What's there in Full stack development

5 min readAug 30, 2022

Frontend and Backend are the two most popular terms used in web development. These terms are very crucial for web development but are quite different from each other. Each side needs to communicate and operate effectively with the other as a single unit to improve the website’s functionality.

The part of a website that the user interacts with directly is termed the front end. It is also referred to as the ‘client side’ of the application. It includes everything that users experience directly: text colors and styles, images, graphs and tables, buttons, colors, and a navigation menu. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the languages used for Front End development.

Front End Languages

The front end portion is built by using some languages which are discussed below:

HTML: HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used to design the front-end portion of web pages using a markup language. HTML is the combination of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the link between web pages. The markup language is used to define the text documentation within the tag which defines the structure of web pages.
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets fondly referred to as CSS is a simply designed language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable. CSS allows you to apply styles to web pages. More importantly, CSS enables you to do this independent of the HTML that makes up each web page.
JavaScript: JavaScript is a famous scripting language used to create magic on sites to make the site interactive for the user. It is used to enhance the functionality of a website to run cool games and web-based software. Applicable in both front-end and back-end, JavaScript is a key to becoming a good developer.
Typescript: TypeScript adds additional syntax to JavaScript to support a tighter integration with your editor. Catch errors early in your editor. TypeScript code converts to JavaScript, which runs anywhere JavaScript runs: In a browser, on Node.js or Deno and in your apps.

Front End Frameworks and Libraries:

AngularJS: AngularJs is a JavaScript open-source front-end framework that is mainly used to develop single-page web applications(SPAs). It is a continuously growing and expanding framework which provides better ways for developing web applications. It changes the static HTML to dynamic HTML. It is an open-source project which can be free. It extends HTML attributes with Directives, and data is bound with HTML.
React.js: React is a declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library for building user interfaces. ReactJS is an open-source, component-based front-end library responsible only for the view layer of the application. It is maintained by Facebook. Moreover, React Js makes Front-end development very easy.
jQuery: jQuery is an open-source JavaScript library that simplifies the interactions between an HTML/CSS document, or more precisely the Document Object Model (DOM), and JavaScript. Elaborating the terms, jQuery simplifies HTML document traversing and manipulation, browser event handling, DOM animations, Ajax interactions, and cross-browser JavaScript development.
SASS: It is the most reliable, mature, and robust CSS extension language. It is used to extend the functionality of an existing CSS of a site including everything from variables, inheritance, and nesting with ease.
Flutter: Flutter is an open-source UI development SDK managed by google. It is powered by the Dart programming language. It builds performant and good-looking natively compiled applications for mobile (Ios, Android), web, and desktop from a single code base. The key selling point of flutter is flat development is made easier, expressive, and flexible with UI and native performance. In march 2021 flutter announce Flutter 2 which upgrades flutter to build release applications for the web, and the desktop is in beta state.

Back End Development

The backend is the server-side of the website. It stores and arranges data, and also makes sure everything on the client-side of the website works fine. It is the part of the website that you cannot see and interact with. It is the portion of software that does not come in direct contact with the users. The parts and characteristics developed by backend designers are indirectly accessed by users through a front-end application. Activities, like writing APIs, creating libraries, and working with system components without user interfaces or even systems of scientific programming, are also included in the backend.

Back End Languages

The back-end portion is built by using some languages which are discussed below:

PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. Since PHP code is executed on the server-side, so it is called a server-side scripting language.
C++: It is a general-purpose programming language and is widely used nowadays for competitive programming. It is also used as a backend language.
Java: Java is one of the most popular and widely used programming languages and platforms. It is highly scalable.
Python: Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more efficiently. It is also a very important language for the back end.
Node.js: Node.js is an open-source and cross-platform runtime environment for executing JavaScript code outside a browser. You need to remember that NodeJS is not a framework, and it’s not a programming language. Most people are confused and understand it’s a framework or a programming language. We often use Node.js for building back-end services like APIs like Web App or Mobile App. It’s used in production by large companies such as Paypal, Uber, Netflix, Walmart, and so on.

Back End Frameworks:

Express — Express is a Nodejs framework used for backend/server-side development. It is used to build single-page, multi-page, and hybrid web applications. With its help, you can handle multiple different HTTP requests.
Django — Django is a Python web-based framework, following the model-template-views pattern. It is used to build large and complex web applications. Its features include being fast, secure, and scalable.
Ruby on Rails — Ruby on Rails is a server-side framework following the model-view-controller architecture pattern. It provides default structures such as web service, web pages, and databases.
Laravel — Laravel is a web application framework for PHP and is robust. The feature which makes it perfect is reusing the components of different frameworks for creating a web application.
Spring — This server-side framework provides infrastructure support for Java applications. It acts as a support to various frameworks like Hibernate, Struts, EJB, etc. It also has extensions that help in developing Java applications quickly and easily.
Some more back-end programming/scripting languages are C#, Ruby, GO, etc.

Comment what you have mastered.

My Stack

Frontend language: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, TypeScript.

Frontend frameworks: Angular, React.

Backend Language : C, Java.

Backend Framework: Spring.